Aids or Cues: Signals or cues by which the rider communicates their wishes to the horse. The "natural" aids include the voice, the legs, the hands and the weight. "Artifical" aids include the whip and spurs.
At Liberty: At liberty work is work done with a horse without any physical restrictions like halters and lead ropes. This should not be confused with round pen work where a horse is in a small space and has no choice to be with the trainer. It should be done in a large space where if the horse chose they could run away otherwise its round pen work.
Bald-Faced: US term used to describe a horse with a predominantly white face.
Barn Sour or Buddy Sour: Horse that objects to being ridden away from the barn or herd bound horses that object to leaving their pasture mates.
Bit: Mouthpiece, of made of metal but may be made of rubber or other man made material and held in place by the bridle, by which the rider conveys instructions to the horse.
Bosal: A braided noseband or a Western bitless bridle.
Breaking, or Breaking-In: The early education of a horse, where it is taught the skills it will for riding or driving.
Bridle: Item of equipment worn on the horse's head, which lets the rider to communicate his or her wishes through use of the bit and the reins.
Buck: A leap in the air with the head lowered and the back arched. (can be confused with crow hopping)
Castration or Gelding: In this case the act of removing the testicles of a male horse.
Crow hopping: When a horse hops or leaps repeatedly in the air, with all four feet off the ground at the same time.
Canter or Lope: Three beated gait of the horDouble Bridle: Traditional English bridle with two bits (snaffle and curb) giving the rider a greater degree of control than a single bit.se in which one hind leg strides first, followed by the opposite diagonal pair and finally the opposite foreleg in western terms this is called a Lope
Colt: Uncastrated male horse up to four years of age
Dam: A horse's female parent.
Diagonals: The horses legs move in pairs at the trot, called diagonals. The left diagonal is when the left foreleg and right hindleg move, the right diagonal is when the right foreleg and the left hindleg move. When on a circle, the rider rises as the outside foreleg moves forward.
Double Bridle: Traditional English bridle with two bits (snaffle and curb) giving the rider a greater degree of control than a single bit. (FOR PROFESSIONALS ONLY)
Farrier: Skilled craftsman who trims horses hooves, or shoes them.
Foal: Colt, filly or gelding up to one year of age.
Frog: Triangular, rubber pad on the sole of the foot which acts as a shock absorber. (this is prevented when wearing shoes)
Gait: The paces at which horses move, usually the walk, trot, canter and gallop.
Gallop: Four-beated gait of the horse, in which each foot touches the ground separately, as opposed to the canter, which is a three-beat gait.
Gelding: Castrated male horse.
Girth or Cinch: A strap by which an English saddle is secured to the horse, which attaches to the saddle on one side, running under the barrel just behind the legs to the other side. Called a cinch in Western Riding.
Grade: Term used to describe an horse that is not registered with any breed association.
Greenbroke: Horse that has been accustomed to the tack and the rider and has begun initial training.
Hand: Unit of measure used to describe a horse. One hand equals 4 inches, partial measurements being described as 14.1, 14.2, 14.3.
Irons or Stirrups: The metal pieces attached to the saddle by means of leather straps in which the rider places his or her feet. May be made out of wood and covered in leather in western riding.
Lead: Term used to indicate the horse's leading leg in canter i.e. "right lead canter" or "left lead canter".
Longe or Lunge: The act of training a horse by working it in the various paces on a circle using a long longe or lunge rein.
Mare: Female horse aged four and over.
Neck Reining: The art of turning the horse by using the indirect, or opposite rein against the neck.
Offside: The right hand side of the horse.
Paddock or Pasture: An enclosure in which horses are turned out for grazing.
Pony: A small horse, standing 14.2 or less
Posting Trot or Rising Trot: The action of the rider rising from the saddle in rhythm with the horse's trot.
Round Penning: Round penning is doing ground work or training with a horse in a smaller pen usually about 60 feet in diameter. The horse can be worked on or off a line but still does not really have an option to leave the trainer. Not to be confused with at liberty training which is done in a large open area where the horse has the option to leave.
Sire: A horse's male parent.
Spurs: Small metal devices worn on the rider's boot to help enforce the leg aids. Come in a range of severety, from very mild blunt spurs to severe roweled models.
Stall: A small indoor space where horses are kept usually only 12 by 12 feet.
Stallion: Uncastrated male horse.
Tack: Refers to the equipment of a riding horse - saddle, bridle etc.
Transition: The act of changing from one pace to another. Walk to trot and trot to canter are known as "upward transitions". Canter to trot and trot to walk are known as "downward transitions".
Trot or Jog: Moderate-speed gait in which the horse moves from one diagonal pair of legs to the other, with a period of suspension in between. Known as Jog in western terms.
Whip Crop, or Bat: Artificial aid by which the rider may emphasize and back up the natural aids of seat and legs. It can sometimes be used to encourage the horse to move forward but only as a last resort.
Vice: A habit making a horse difficult to work with or keep. These may include biting, wind sucking, kicking, or any "bad habits".
Yearling: Colt or filly between one and two years of age.
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